Most lenses can only magnify to about a 1:10 ratio (the Nikkor 50mm f1.8 AF does slightly better at 1:8). The first "1" signifies the nominal value of the film or capture device and the second number represents the fractional value vis a vis the subject's actual size, or in other words, a 1:10 ratio means the subject is 1/10 its actual life size on film.
As the number becomes smaller, such as 1:4 or 1:2, the subject is being magnified more and more and 1:4 represents the subject being 1/4 its true life size while 1:2 represents the subject being 1/2 its true life size. A 1:1 ratio represents the subject being its actual life size on the piece of film and is the standard that most macro photographers want to work with.
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